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Chemical constituents were isolated and purified from the water extract of Artemisia annua by column chromatography of HP-20 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, HW-40, and semi-preparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. As a result, Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as vitexnegheteroin M(1), sibricose A5(2), securoside A(3), citrusin D(4), annphenone(5), E-melilotoside(6), esculetin(7), scopoletin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(8), eleutheroside B_1(9), chrysosplenol D(10), patuletin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(12), rutin(13), apigenin 6,8-di-C-β-D-glucopyranoside(14), isoschaftoside(15), among them, compounds 1-4 were identified from Artemisia for the first time. Additionally, the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the production of PGE_2 in LPS-simulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that compounds 1, 2, 8, and 10-15 could reduce PGE_2 levels, to a certain extent.
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Apigenin , Artemisia annua , Quercetin , RutinABSTRACT
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Melia toosendan is widely used as a natural deworming agent. M. toosendan is rich in chemical components, incluing limonoid-type triterpenes, lignans, flavonoids, steroids, organic acids and so on. Its pharmacological activities are mainly anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, antiviral, deworming. The application of M. toosendan is limited due to its hepatotoxicity, pregnancy toxicity and so on. In this paper, the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and toxicity of M. toosendan were reviewed, which will provide scientific basis for its further development research and clinical application.
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Objective: To establish the fingerprint of Jinzhen Oral Liquid (JOL) by HPLC-UVD-ELSD and determine the main 13 representative components (gallic acid, liquiritin, aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, liquiritigenin, baicalin, chrysin-7-O-β-D- glucoronide, oroxyloside, wogonoside, chrysophal-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, chrysophal-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, rhein, glycyrrhizic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid) simultaneously, in order to provide reference for the overall quality control of JOL. Methods: The separation was developed on Cosmosil-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution with methanol-water [containing 0.1% formic acid] at 254 nm, the temperature of drift tube was maintained at 115 ℃ and the carrier gas flow rate was 2.0 L/min. An HPLC-UVD-ELSD fingerprint of JOL was set up, and 15 batches of JOL were evaluated by similarity assay. Furthermore, the contents of the main 13 representative components were determined on the premise of small disparities among batches. Results: The HPLC-UVD-ELSD fingerprint of JOL was established with good separation, and 13 chemical components were determined simultaneously. Fifteen main characteristic peaks [gallic acid (peak 1), liquiritin (peak 5), aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (peak 7), liquiritigenin (peak 11), baicalin (peak 13), chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucoronide (peak 16), oroxyloside (peak 17), wogonoside (peak 18), chrysophal-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (peak 19), chrysophal-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (peak 20), rhein (peak 24), glycyrrhizic acid (peak 26), (18β,20α)-glycyrrhizic acid (peak 27), hyodeoxycholic acid (peak 28), cholic acid (peak 29)] from four formula of JOL were chemically identified and 29 main characteristic peaks were assigned to individual herbs (peaks 8, 12, 13, 15-18 originate from Scutellariae Radix, peaks 3-5, 10, 11, 25-27 originate from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, peaks 1, 6, 7, 9, 14, 19, 20, 24 originate from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, peak 2 originates from Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus, peaks 28, 29 originate from Bovis Calculus Artifactus, peaks 21-23 originate from auxiliary materials). The similarity of 15 batches of JOL was about 0.968 to 1.000. Moreover, good linear relationships were found (R2=0.999 0-0.999 9), and the average recovery rates were 96.90%-102.84%. The content range of quantitative components in 15 batches of JOL (gallic acid 51.82-148.27 μg/mL, liquiritin 75.04-130.00 μg/mL, aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 31.72-39.84 μg/mL, liquiritigenin 14.24-43.65 μg/mL, baicalin 610.37-867.40 μg/mL, chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucoronide 12.87-34.09 μg/mL, oroxyloside 62.45-101.48 μg/mL, wogonoside 155.41-205.86 μg/mL, chrysophal-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 11.56-23.72 μg/mL, chrysophal-8-O-β-D- glucopyranoside 16.14-36.87 μg/mL, glycyrrhizic acid 222.97-310.32 μg/mL, hyodeoxycholic acid 177.48-239.70 μg/mL, cholic acid 98.54-132.85 μg/mL) was determinated. Conclusion: The qualitative and quantitative methods of HPLC-UVD-ELSD mentioned above provided important evidence for further improving the overall quality standard of JOL.
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Objective: To study the main constituents from Gardenia jasminoides. Method In this study, the chemical constituents of enrichment fraction of iridoid glycosides were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and comparison of NMR data with those reported in literatures. Results: The 60% ethanol extract of G. jasminoides was subjected to HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin CC to yield 30% ethanol fraction (GJ-2, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS method was used to identify the enrichment fraction of iridoid glycosides). Thirty-one compounds were obtained and characterized as 2'-O-trans-coumaroylgardoside (1), 6'-O-trans-sinapoylgardoside (2), 7-deoxygardoside (3), tarenninoside C (4), 2'-O-coumaroylmussaenosidic acid (5), 10-O-caffeoyl deacetyldaphylloside (6), 6'-O-trans-sinapoylgeniposide (7), genipin-1-O-β-D-gentiobioside (8), geniposide (9), 7-deoxy-8-epiloganicacid (10), secologanoside (11), gardenamide A (12), 6'-O-trans-sinapoyljasminoside B (13), epijasminoside A (14), jasminodiol (15), 6'-O-trans-sinapoyljasminoside L (16), 3-(β-D- glucopyranosyl-oxymethyl)-2,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (17), jasminoside C (18), sinapinic acid (19), caffeic acid (20), methyl gallate (21), C-veratroylglucol (22), β-hydroxypropiosyringone (23), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenoyl) propan-1-one (24), threo-guaiacylglycerol-8'-vanillic acid ether (25), 1,2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol (26), trans-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-β-D-glucoside (27), 1-sinapoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (28), 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (29), rutin (30), and glycyrrhisoflavone (31), respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1-12are iridoid glycosides and 13-18are monoterpenoid glycosides. Compounds 6, 10, 22-29, and 31 were identified from Gardeniae Fructus for the first time.
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Objective: To establish the amino acids fingerprint of Jinzhen Oral Liquid (JOL) and simultaneous determination of 29 amino acids (P-Ser, Tau, Asp, Thr, Ser, Asn, Glu, Gln, Sar, Gly, Ala, Cit, α-ABA, Val, Cys, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, β-Ala, β-AiBA, γ-ABA, Orn, Lys, His, 3-Mehis, Arg, Hypro, Pro) by automatic amino acid analyzer. Methods: The separation was developed on HITACHI HPLC PACKED column (60 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) by gradient elution with citric acid buffer solution at 570 and 440 nm, reaction column temperature was maintained at 115 ℃ and the carrier gas flow rate was 0.35 mL/min and flow rate of derivative pump was 0.30 mL/min. An amino acid fingerprint of JOL was set up, and 16 batches of JOL were evaluated by similarity assay. Furthermore, the contents of the main 29 amino acids were determined. Results: The amino acid fingerprint of JOL was established with good separation, and 29 amino acids were determined simultaneously. The similarity of 16 batches of JOL was about 0.989 to 1.000. Moreover, good linear relationships were found (R2 = 1.000), and the average recovery rates were 95.71%-101.87%, the content range of quantitative components in 16 batches of JOL was as following: P-Ser 15.457 2-29.362 4 μg/mL, Tau 64.423 4-114.238 6 μg/mL, Asp 19.056 4-32.549 0 μg/mL, Thr 6.704 8-7.841 8 μg/mL, Ser 22.609 4-39.382 8 μg/mL, Asn 61.134 0-115.456 0 μg/mL, Glu 32.254 6-63.127 2 μg/mL, Gln 5.223 8-8.953 2 μg/mL, Sar 4.081 0-44.007 6 μg/mL, Gly 12.403 0-23.516 4 μg/mL, Ala 33.876 8-44.257 4 μg/mL, Cit 3.514 2-9.881 0 μg/mL, α-ABA 1.126 4-2.287 8 μg/mL, Val 11.584 6-15.469 0 μg/mL, Cys 1.660 2-4.041 8 μg/mL, Ile 4.087 8-5.469 2 μg/mL, Leu 8.295 2-11.724 0 μg/mL, Tyr 7.492 6-10.761 2 μg/mL, Phe 4.856 4-9.248 0 μg/mL, β-Ala 2.309 4-6.782 6 μg/mL, β-AiBA 0.175 0-14.790 6 μg/mL, γ-ABA 17.654 4-26.621 8 μg/mL, Orn 42.338 4-58.172 6 μg/mL, Lys 12.994 9-28.498 0 μg/mL, His 1.802 6-4.067 4 μg/mL, 3-Mehis 2.608 4-4.384 0 μg/mL, Arg 107.141 6-301.649 8 μg/mL, Hypro 15.811 6-37.807 6 μg/mL, Pro 143.714 6-243.956 6 μg/mL. Conclusion: The method for the determination and analysis of amino acids in JOL by automatic amino acid analyzer has the advantages of good reproducibility, reliable results, and the qualitative and quantitative study of amino acids in JOL has clarified the contribution of Caprae hircus cornu's horn to the composition of preparation to a certain extent, which provides a useful supplement for the construction of the quality evaluation system of JOL.
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To compare the power of dyslipidemia diagnosis by different sets of cut points in the prediction of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors and identify the appropriate cut points for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents in China. Data were obtained from the baseline survey of 'School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program' in Beijing in 2017. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed by using two set of cut points. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to assess the power of dyslipidemia diagnosis by the two set of cut points to predict the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, high fat mass percentage and impaired fasting glucose. A total of 14 390 children and adolescents were in included in the study. The prevalence rates of high TC, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and high TG in the participants were 2.7, 2.7, 14.4, and 3.7 according to 'Chinese Reference Standard', and 5.0, 3.7, 13.3, and 3.5 according to 'China Expert Consensus'. Low HDL-C and high TG defined by the 'Chinese Reference Standard' had better performance for the prediction of high fat mass percentage and obesity in boys, but worse performance in girls (<0.001). Using 'China Reference Standard' can increase the true positive rate in the prediction of obesity or high fat mass percentage in boys, and reduce the false positive rate in girls. The cut points for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in Chinese children and adolescents need to be further validated by using national representative sample and in longitudinal study.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the value of body fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in predicting abnormal blood pressure and abnormal glucose metabolism in children.@*METHODS@#Stratified cluster sampling was used to select the students aged 6-16 years, and a questionnaire survey and physical examination were performed. The BIA apparatus was used to measure body fat mass. Body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (FMI), and fat mass percentage (FMP) were calculated. Fasting blood glucose level were measured.@*RESULTS@#A total of 14 293 children were enrolled, among whom boys accounted for 49.89%. In boys and girls, the percentile values (P, P, P, P, P, P, P, P) of FMI and FMP fitted by the LMS method were taken as the cut-off values. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the P values with a better value in predicting abnormal blood pressure and blood glucose metabolism were selected as the cut-off values for excessive body fat. When FMI or FMP was controlled below P, the incidence of abnormal blood pressure or abnormal glucose metabolism may be decreased in 8.25%-43.24% of the children.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The evaluation of obesity based on FMI and FMP has a certain value in screening for hypertension and hyperglycemia in children, which can be further verified in the future prevention and treatment of obesity and related chronic diseases in children.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Adipose Tissue , Blood Pressure , Body Composition , Body Mass Index , Electric Impedance , GlucoseABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the mutation types and frequency of deafness genes in Ningbo newborns. Methods:From January to September, 2019, 1781 newborns in Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital accepted deafness gene screening, including 22 mutations of four common deafness genes. Results:There were 104 newborns who were found deafness gene mutation (5.84%), 59 boys and 45 girls. Mutation rate was 3. 31% (59/1781) for GJB2, 0.56% (10/1781) for GJB3, 0.39% (7/1781) for mtDNA, and 1.57% (28/1781) for SLC26A4. Conclusion:The mutation rate of deafness gene in newborns in Ningbo is higher than the China average level, especially the rate of GJB2. It is necessary to screen newborn deafness gene earlier.
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Objective: To study the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory constituents from the active fraction of Reduning (RDN) Injection. Methods: In this study, the active fraction of RDN Injection was screened by the LPS-induced mouse endotoxin shock model. The chemical constituents were isolated by chromatography on HP-20 macroporous adsorptive resins, silica gel, ODS columns and reverse phase MPLC and HPLC repeatedly, and their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis (HR-ESI-MS, NMR, ECD) and chemical methods. Meanwhile, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of the isolates by measuring their inhibitory effects on TNF-α production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results: The 95% ethanol eluate of RDN Injection by the macroporous adsorption resin column was proved to be the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory active fraction of this injection. A novel iridoid, named jasminoide A (1), and a new guaiane sesquiterpenoid, named (1R,7R,8S,10R)-7,8,11-trihydroxy-4-guaien-3-one (2), were isolated from Reduning injection, and compound 2 can inhibit TNF-α production with IC50 values of 72.24 µmol/L. Conclusion: In this study, two new terpenoids were isolated from Reduning Injection, and compound 2 showed inhibitory activity against LPS-activated TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro.
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In order to analyze the expression of genes involved in steroidal saponin biosynthesis pathway in Polygonatum cyrtonema tubers, it is very important to select internal reference genes that are stably expressed at different development stages and in response to abiotic stress. According to the previously established P. cyrtonema transcriptome database and reported internal reference genes in plant, this study systematically analyzed eight candidate internal reference genes including histone H2 A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, ACTIN, β-tubulin, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme-E2-10, elongation factor 1-alpha isoform, 18 S rRNA and α-tubulin 4 for expression stability in P. cyrtonema tubers at different development stages and in response to methyl jasmonate(MeJA) stress by using Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR). Based on the statistical analysis of qPCR results by using GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper softwares, the expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme-E2-10 and elongation factor 1-alpha isoform are the most stable in P. cyrtonema tubes at different development stages and in response to MeJA stress. The two internal reference genes were further validated by analyzing the expression of 4 genes involved in steroidal saponin biosynthesis pathways. In conclusion, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme-E2-10 and elongation factor 1-alpha isoform can be used as the most appropriate internal reference genes for qPCR analysis in P. cyrtonema. This study also provide a foundation for future investigate the molecular mechanism of steroidal saponin biosynthesis pathways in P. cyrtonema.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Profiling , Polygonatum , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Stress, Physiological , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
As a commonly used Chinese materia medica, Artemisia annua mainly contains sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes, phenylpropionic acids, coumarins, flavonoids, volatile oil, and other chemical compositions. Its pharmacological activities are anti-malaria, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulation and so on. The significantly anti-malarial activity has led to its earlier use in the treatment of malaria. In this paper, the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of A. annua in recent years are reviewed in order to provide a reference for the further development and rational utilization of this plant resource.
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PURPOSE@#Undisplaced subtle ligamentous Lisfranc injuries are easy to miss or underestimate, and many cases are treated without surgical fixation. It has not yet widely known whether conservative treatment for undisplaced subtle ligamentous Lisfranc injuries may lead to a poor outcome. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of conservative versus surgical management (percutaneous position screw) of undisplaced subtle ligamentous Lisfranc injury.@*METHODS@#We analysed 61 cases in this retrospective study, including 38 males and 23 females. Forty-one patients were managed conservatively, while 20 patients received surgical treatment involving minimal invasive percutaneous position screw. American orthopaedic foot &ankle society (AOFAS), foot function index (FFI, including FFI disability, FFI pain score and activity limitation scale) scores, Maryland foot score and short form-36 (SF-36) were recorded and compared after a follow-up of 10-16 months (average 12.3).@*RESULTS@#Patients in the surgical management group had higher scores in all evaluation methods (p < 0.05). The complications in the conservative management group had higher incidence, mainly including secondary diastasis (34.1% vs. 5.0%), joint stiffness after 3 months (82.9% vs. 0%), and secondary arthrodesis (12.2% vs. 0%). The highest rate of complication in surgical management group was temporary forefoot pain (55.0%).@*CONCLUSION@#The results of this study suggest that the outcomes of the surgical management with percutaneous position screw fixation are better than the conservative management to treat undisplaced subtle ligamentous Lisfranc injuries. This study can serve as a resource for orthopaedic surgeons in recognizing and managing such injuries.
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Background@#Accumulating documents have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis. As an lncRNA, nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been identified to be involved in the progression of many types of cancers. However, the biological function of NEAT1 in cervical cancer is not fully investigated. The aim of this study was to disclose the specific biological function of lncRNA NEAT1 in cervical cancer progression.@*Methods@#Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to identify the expression of lncRNA NEAT1 in the cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. All cervical cancer samples used in this study were collected from the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between September 2012 and September 2017. The correlation between NEAT1 expression and the overall survival rate of cervical cancer patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The effects of NEAT1 knockdown or overexpression on cell proliferation were tested by performing MTT assays and colony formation assays. Transwell assays were conducted to detect the migratory ability of cervical cancer cells, in which NEAT1 was silenced or overexpressed. Western blotting was utilized to validate whether NEAT1 promotes cervical cancer progression through activating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.@*Results@#High expression of NEAT1 predicted poor prognosis of cervical cancer patients (χ = 0.735, P = 0.005). Knockdown of NEAT1 decreased the number of colonies in CaSki cell from 136.667 ± 13.503 to 71.667 ± 7.506 (t = -18.76, P = 0.003) and decreased the number of colonies in HeLa cell from 128.667 ± 13.317 to 65.667 ± 7.024 (t = -5.54, P = 0.031). However, overexpression of NEAT1 increased the number of colonies in SiHa cell from 84.667 ± 12.014 to 150.667 ± 18.037 (t = 7.27, P = 0.018). Knockdown of NEAT1 decreased the migratory number of CaSki cell from 100.333 ± 9.866 to 58.333 ± 5.859 (t = -8.08, P = 0.015) and reduced the migratory number in HeLa cell from 123.667 ± 12.097 to 67.667 ± 7.095 (t = -6.03, P = 0.026). Overexpression of NEAT1 increased the migratory number of SiHa cell from 127.333 ± 16.042 to 231.333 ± 31.786 (t = 4.92, P = 0.039).@*Conclusion@#NEAT1 may exert oncogenic function in cervical cancer and serve as a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , HeLa Cells , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Physiology , RNA, Long Noncoding , Physiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , GeneticsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to develop a simple, sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of syringaresinol, N-trans-feruloyltyramine, chelerythrine chloride, sinomenine, coptisine chloride, sanguinarine, chelidonine, magnolflorine, allocryptopine, protopine, farrerol, stylopine and dihydrosanguin-arine in Tong'an injection (TAI), which could be used for the quality control of TAI. The UPLC analysis was performed on Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq column (2.1 mm×150 mm,3.5 μm), with 0.1% formic acid solution (A) -acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase for gradient elution (0.01-2 min, 5%B; 2-8 min, 5%-30%B; 8-11 min, 30%-95%B; 11-13 min, 95%B; 13-13.1 min, 95%-5%B; 13.1-14 min, 5%B). The flow rate was 0.5 mL•min⁻¹, and the column temperature was 25 ℃; multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was performed in electrospray ion source positive ion mode for quantitative determination. The calibration curves for the above thirteen compounds showed good linear relationship in corresponding mass concentration range (r>0.999 0). The average recovery rate of the compounds ranged from 95.70% to 104.8%, with RSD of less than 1.9%. The contents of thirteen active components in 10 batches of TAI were 0.021 2-0.029 0, 0.001 7-0.002 3, 0.000 9-0.001 3, 5.952-6.205 2, 0.195 4-0.240 5, 0.002 0-0.002 9, 0.693-0.798 2, 0.069 3-0.078 2, 0.089 29-0.102 9, 0.386 5-0.420 1, 0.014 3-0.015 9, 0.755 3-0.842 1, and 0.008 2-0.011 2 g•L⁻¹ respectively. Methodology validation proved that this method was simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate, which can be used to provide reference for the comprehensive evaluation of TAI quality. The determination results of 10 batches of TAI showed the content of each batch had no significant difference. The results may provide a basis for the quality control of TAI.
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Objective: To study the antiviral constituents from the active fraction of Re-Du-Ning (RDN) Injection. Methods: In this study, the active fraction of RDN Injection was screened by the mice model loaded with restraint stress infected with influenza virus. The chemical constituents were isolated by chromatography on silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 & Toyopearl HW-40 columns, and reverse phase MPLC & HPLC repeatedly. Their structures were identified by spectral data and physicochemical property. Results: The 95% ethanol eluate of RDN Injection on the macroporous adsorption resin column was proved to be the antivirus active fraction of RDN Injection. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as (2E,6S)-8-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1″-6')-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]- 2,6-dimethylct-2-eno-1,2″-lactone (1), lyoniresinol (2), 5'-methoxyisolariciresinol (3), ent-isolariciresinol (4), (7R,8R)-4,7,9,9'- tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan (5), (7S,8R)-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan (6), ceplignan (7), 5'-methoxyceplignan (8), (-)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (9), (7S,8R)-3,3',5-trimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,5'-neolignan-4,9,9'-triol (10), (2-cis, 4-trans)-abscisic acid (11), (2-trans, 4-trans)-abscisic acid (12), (1S,3R,4R,5S,7R,9R)-decane-6-carboxylic acid (13), and (1S,3R,4S,5S,7R,9R)-decane-6-carboxylic acid (14); Among them, compound 1 exhibited the antivirus activity against Dengue virus. Conclusion: Compound 8 is a new compound and the other isolated compounds are reported from RDN Injection for the first time, and compound 1 shows the anti-virus activity against Dengue virus.
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To study the metabolic transformation of pumiloside by rat intestinal flora in vitro and identify its metabolites. Pumiloside was incubated in the rat intestinal flora in vitro. HPLC was used to monitor the metabolic process, and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the structures of biotransformation products. In vitro, pumiloside was easily metabolized by rat intestinal flora, and with the prolongation of metabolic time, pumiloside was transformed into several metabolites. Three metabolites were initially identified in this experiment. The study indicated that pumiloside could be extensively metabolized in the rat intestinal flora in vitro.
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<p><b>Objective</b>To assess the effects of testicular sperm and epididymal sperm on the outcomes of ICSI for patients with obstructive azoospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang Database up to December 2015 for published literature relevant to ICSI with testicular or epididymal sperm for obstructive azoospermia patients. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment of the included trials, followed by meta-analysis with the RevMan 5.3 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 14 studies were identified, involving 1 278 patients and 1 553 ICSI cycles. ICSI with epididymal sperm exhibited a significantly higher fertilization rate than that with testicular sperm (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.05－1.11, P<0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed between the epididymal and testicular sperm groups in the rates of cleavage (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.99－1.10, P = 0.13), good-quality embryo (RR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.93－1.09,P = 0.85), implantation (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.75－1.73, P = 0.55), clinical pregnancy (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.98－1.31, P = 0.08), and miscarriage (RR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.53－1.39,P = 0.54).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ICSI with epididymal sperm yields a markedly higher fertilization rate than that with testicular sperm, but has no statistically significant differences from the latter in the rates of cleavage, good-quality embryo, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage in the treatment of obstructive azoospermia.</p>
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Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from Re-Du-Ning Injection (RDN). Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated by chromatography on silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and Toyopearl HW-40 columns and reverse phase MPLC and HPLC repeatedly. Their structures were identified by spectral data and physicochemical property. Results: Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (2), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (4), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (6), 3,5- di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (7), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (8), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (9), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (10), secologanic acid (11), vogeloside (12), 7-epi-vogeloside (13), E-aldosecologanin (14), Z-aldosecologanin (15), and 5H,8H-pyrano[4,3-d] thiazolo[3,2-a] pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (16). Compounds 1-10 showed high efficiency and low toxicity with antivirus activity against RSV. Conclusion: All the isolated compounds are reported from RDN Injection for the first time, and caffeoylquinic acids may be one of antivirus pharmacodynamic material bases of RDN.
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Objective: To study the antiviral constituents from the active fraction of Re-Du-Ning (RDN) Injection. Methods: In this study, the active fraction of RDN Injection was screened by the mice model loaded with restraint stress infected with influenza virus. The investigation on this fraction led to the isolation and identification of compounds through various chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic methods. In addition, the in vitro activity on influenza virus A (A/PR/8/34 H1N1) of the flavonoids was evaluated in vitro by the method for the detection of anti-influenza virus neuraminidase activity. Results: Through the macroporous adsorption resin, 95% ethanol eluate of RDN Injection was proved to be the antivirus active fraction of RDN Injection. Twenty compounds were obtained and characterized as syringic acid (1), ferulic acid (2), benzoic acid (3), caffeic acid (4), p-hydroxy benzaldehyde (5), vanillin (6), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy styrene acrylic acid (7), trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid (8), trans-o-hydroxy cinnamic acid (9), trans-cinnamic acid (10), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin (11), 7-hydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxy coumarin (12), coumarin (13), 3-hydroxy-1, 2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (14), isorhamnetin (15), quercetin (16), luteolin (17), rutin (18), hyperoside (19), and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (20). Among them, luteolin exhibited the antivirus activity against Flu A virus. Conclusion: All the isolated compounds are reported from RDN Injection for the first time, and luteolin exhibits the most potential activity against H1N1.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the protective effects of Reduning Injection (, RDN), a patent Chinese medicine, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats and its underlying mechanisms of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including normal control, model, dexamethasone (DEX, 5 mg/kg), RDN-H (720 mg/kg), RDN-M (360 mg/kg) and RDN-L (180 mg/kg) groups, with 10 rats in each group. Rats were challenged with intravenous injection of LPS 1 h after intraperitoneal treatment with RDN or DEX. At 6 h after LPS challenge, lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected, and the number of inflammatory cells was determined. The right lungs were collected for histopathologic examination, measurement of gene and protein expressions, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vivo pretreatment of RDN (360, 720 mg/kg) significantly reduced the weight of wet to dry (W/D) ratio of lung, protein content in BALF, and led to remarkable attenuation of LPS-induced histopathological changes in the lungs. Meanwhile, RDN enormously decreased BALF total inflammatory cells, especially neutrophil and macrophage cell numbers. Moreover, RDN increased SOD activity, inhibited MPO activity, alleviated LPS-induced tumor neurosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lung tissues. Furthermore, RDN (720 mg/kg) efficiently weakened nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB) gene and protein expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anti-inflammatory effects of RDN was demonstrated to be preventing pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, lowering MPO activity, TNF-α and iNOS gene expression by inhibiting NF-κB activity in LPS-induced ALI.</p>